Use of Consonants (자음) and Vowels (모음)

가 = ka 거 = keo 겨 = kyeo
갸 = kya 기 = ki 고 = ko
바 = pa 버 = peo 부 = pu
뵤 = pyo 지 = chi 저 = cheo
즈 = chu 조 = cho 마 = ma
머 = meo 무 = mo 나 = na
너 = neo 이 = i 야 = ya
디 = ti 고 = ko 댜 = tya
요 = yo 오 = o 도 = to
드 = tu 두 = too 그 = ku


When constructing a word, you must add a mixture of consonants and vowels, beginning with the consonant at the beginning of the word. In some cases, there is no need to use a consonant at the beginning in which case ㅇ (null character) is used.

ㅇ + ㅏ = 아 a
ㄹ + ㅡ + ㅁ = 름 rum
ㄱ + ㅏ + ㅁ = 감 kam
ㄲ + ㅜ + ㅇ = 꿍 kkoong
ㅇ + ㅗ + ㅅ = 옷 ot
ㅇ + ㅓ + ㅂㅅ = 없 eop
ㄲ + ㅗ + ㅊ = 꽃 kkot
ㅎ + ㅏ + ㄴ = 한 han
ㄱ + ㅡ + ㄱ = 극 guk
More on constructing words

A syllable that consists of a consonant and a "vertical vowel" is written with the consonant on the left and the vowel on the right
ㄴ + ㅏ = 나
n + a = na

A syllable that consists of a consonant and a "horizontal vowel" is written with the consonant on top and the vowel underneath:
ㅁ + ㅗ = 모
m + o = mo

If a syllable has a consonant, vowel, and consonant, the final consonant, called patch'im (meaning "supporting floor" in Korean) goes to the bottom -- or floor -- of that syllable.
ㅁ + ㅏ + ㄴ = 만
m + a + n = man

Double Vowels (모음)

ㅐ ㅒ ㅔ ㅖ ㅘ ㅙ ㅝ ㅞ
eir yeir ere yere wa where wo weo

ㅟ ㅢ
weou wei

The Hangul Characters

ㅏ
ㅑ
ㅓ
ㅕ
ㅗ
"a"
"ya"
"eo"
"yeo"
"o"

ㅛ
ㅜ
ㅠ
ㅡ
ㅣ
"yo"
"oo" or "u"
"yoo" or "yu"
"eu"
"i"

Consonants : -
ㄱ
ㄴ
ㄷ
ㄹ
ㅁ
"g" or "k"
"n"
"d" or "t"
" r " or " l "
"m"

ㅂ
ㅅ
ㅇ
ㅈ
ㅊ
"b" or "p"
"s"
-
" ch "
" ch' "

ㅋ
ㅌ
ㅍ
ㅎ
" g' " or " k' "
" d' "
" p' "
" h "

Note that " ' " means the letter is aspirated, i.e a sharp sound.


ㅎ + ㅏ + ㄴ = 한
han

h a n

ㄱ + ㅜ + ㄱ = 국
guk

g u k